Last data update: May 20, 2024. (Total: 46824 publications since 2009)
Records 1-7 (of 7 Records) |
Query Trace: Gazmararian JA[original query] |
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Historically black college and university (HBCU) COVID-19 return-to-campus policies and prevention measures-Fall 2021.
Gazmararian JA , Liu Z , McLeod E , Cavallo M , Jiwani S , Paniagua U , Guest JL , Thomas ES , Good MK . J Am Coll Health 2022 1-8 Objectives: Examine publicly accessible HBCU COVID-19 policies and associations with community COVID-19 infection and vaccination rates, and utilization of a dashboard. Participants: Excluding unaccredited or closed programs (n = 5) and those without COVID-19 information on website (n= 18), 76 HBCUs were included. Methods: Data on vaccine requirements, masking, and other policies were collected. Student enrollment and demographics and community infection and vaccination rates were obtained from websites. Results: Between August 15 and September 6, 2021, 36% of HBCU websites indicated vaccination requirements for students, with differences by private (57%) and public (17%). Masking requirements were more prevalent in HBCUs in areas with >50% community vaccination coverage vs those with <25%. Private institutions were more likely than public to require faculty/staff testing (34% vs 19%). HBCUs in areas with low/moderate COVID-19 rates were twice as likely to require vaccinations than HBCUs with higher rates. Conclusions: Easily accessible COVID-19 policies may help guide community prevention measures. |
The dietary impact of introducing new retailers of fruits and vegetables into a community: results from a systematic review
Woodruff RC , Raskind IG , Harris DM , Gazmararian JA , Kramer M , Haardorfer R , Kegler MC . Public Health Nutr 2017 21 (5) 1-11 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential dietary impact of the opening of new retailers of healthy foods. DESIGN: Systematic review of the peer-reviewed research literature. SETTING: References published before November 2015 were retrieved from MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science databases using keyword searches. SUBJECTS: The outcome of the review was change in fruit and vegetable consumption among adults. RESULTS: Of 3514 references retrieved, ninety-two articles were reviewed in full text, and twenty-three articles representing fifteen studies were included. Studies used post-test only (n 4), repeated cross-sectional (n 4) and repeated measures designs (n 7) to evaluate the dietary impact of supermarket (n 7), farmers' market (n 4), produce stand (n 2) or mobile market (n 2) openings. Evidence of increased fruit and vegetable consumption was most consistent among adults who began shopping at the new retailer. Three of four repeated measures studies found modest, albeit not always statistically significant, increases in fruit and vegetable consumption (range 0.23-0.54 servings/d) at 6-12 months after baseline. Dietary change among residents of the broader community where the new retailer opened was less consistent. CONCLUSIONS: The methodological quality of studies, including research designs, sampling methods, follow-up intervals and outcome measures, ranged widely. Future research should align methodologically with previous work to facilitate meta-analytic synthesis of results. Opening a new retailer may result in modest short-term increases in fruit and vegetable consumption among adults who choose to shop there, but the potential longer-term dietary impact on customers and its impact on the broader community remain unclear. |
Individual, family, and community predictors of overweight and obesity among Colombian children and adolescents
Gonzalez-Casanova I , Sarmiento OL , Pratt M , Gazmararian JA , Martorell R , Cunningham SA , Stein A . Prev Chronic Dis 2014 11 E134 INTRODUCTION: Information from high-income countries is often used to design childhood obesity prevention interventions in low- and middle-income countries, even though determinants may differ greatly between settings. METHODS: We examined the associations of individual, family (household), and community (municipality) characteristics with body mass index (BMI) z scores and likelihood of overweight among children aged 5 to 18 years measured for the Colombian National Nutrition surveys of 2005 (n = 9,119) and 2010 (n = 21,520). We used 3-level hierarchical linear models with child as level 1, household as level 2, and municipality as level 3. RESULTS: The prevalence of combined overweight and obesity among Colombian children and adolescents was 15.7% in 2005 and 16.6% in 2010. The household level explained 40% in 2005 and 31% in 2010 of the variability in BMI z scores. Wealth was positively associated with BMI in 2005 (0.09 increase in z score per wealth quintile) and 2010 (0.13 increase in z score per wealth quintile) (P < .01). Children and adolescents from extended families had higher BMI z scores than those from nuclear families; BMI z scores were inversely associated with the number of family members living in the same household. The municipality level explained only between 2% and 3% of the variability in BMI. Income inequality was positively associated with BMI z scores in 2010. CONCLUSION: These patterns differ from those commonly described in high-income countries and suggest more appropriate opportunities for interventions to prevent child and adolescent obesity in Colombia and other Latin American settings and populations. |
Disparities in mortality rates among US infants born late preterm or early term, 2003-2005
King JP , Gazmararian JA , Shapiro-Mendoza CK . Matern Child Health J 2014 18 (1) 233-41 The purpose of this study was to identify disparities in neonatal, post-neonatal, and overall infant mortality rates among infants born late preterm (34-36 weeks gestation) and early term (37-38 weeks gestation) by race/ethnicity, maternal age, and plurality. In analyses of 2003-2005 data from US period linked birth/infant death datasets, we compared infant mortality rates by race/ethnicity, maternal age, and plurality among infants born late preterm or early term and also determined the leading causes of death among these infants. Among infants born late preterm, infants born to American Indian/Alaskan Native, non-Hispanic black, or teenage mothers had the highest infant mortality rates per 1,000 live births (14.85, 9.90, and 11.88 respectively). Among infants born early term, corresponding mortality rates were 5.69, 4.49, and 4.82, respectively. Among infants born late preterm, singletons had a higher infant mortality rate than twins (8.59 vs. 5.62), whereas among infants born early term, the rate was higher among twins (3.67 vs. 3.15). Congenital malformations and sudden infant death syndrome were the leading causes of death among both late preterm and early term infants. Infant mortality rates among infants born late preterm or early term varied substantially by maternal race/ethnicity, maternal age, and plurality. Information about these disparities may help in the development of clinical practice and prevention strategies targeting infants at highest risk. |
Does social support help limited-literacy patients with medication adherence? A mixed methods study of patients in the Pharmacy Intervention for Limited Literacy (PILL) study
Johnson VR , Jacobson KL , Gazmararian JA , Blake SC . Patient Educ Couns 2010 79 (1) 14-24 OBJECTIVE: To explore whether social support helps patients with limited health literacy adhere to their medication regimens. METHODS: We interviewed 275 pharmacy patients and assessed social support's influence on medication adherence for those with limited vs. adequate health literacy. We talked with patients (n=26) and pharmacists (n=7) to explore possible explanations for the quantitative findings. RESULTS: Social support was associated with better medication adherence for patients with adequate health literacy but not those with limited health literacy (p<0.05). When individual subscales for social support were analyzed, having a trusted confidant was the only type of social support associated with better medication adherence for limited-literacy patients (p<0.05). Comments from patients and pharmacists suggest that limited-literacy patients were less likely to ask the pharmacists questions and infrequently brought relatives with them to the pharmacy. CONCLUSION: Unless they have a trusted confidant, limited-literacy patients might be reluctant to ask others for the kind of help needed to take their medicines correctly. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Pharmacists need training to increase their awareness of limited health literacy and to communicate effectively with all patients, regardless of their literacy skills. To succeed, pharmacists also need the support of the health care systems where they work. |
Role of health insurance in financing vaccinations for children and adolescents in the United States
Shen AK , Hunsaker J , Gazmararian JA , Lindley MC , Birkhead GS . Pediatrics 2009 124 S522-S531 OBJECTIVE: The goal was to elicit perspectives of selected health insurance plan medical or quality improvement directors regarding factors related to coverage and reimbursement and perceptions of financing as a barrier to child and adolescent immunization. METHODS: Medical or quality improvement directors from 20 plans selected by America's Health Insurance Plans were invited to complete an online survey in July 2007. Respondents who agreed to follow-up interviews were invited to participate in telephone interviews conducted by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention staff members in August 2007. RESULTS: Fifteen plans (representing >67 million enrollees) responded to the online survey. All respondents covered all Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices-recommended child and adolescent vaccines in all or most products. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendations were the most commonly cited criteria for coverage decisions (86.7%) and coverage modifications (100%). Factors affecting reimbursement that were cited most often were manufacturer's vaccine price (80%) and physician feedback (53.3%). In follow-up interviews with 10 self-selected respondents, manufacturer's price (7 of 10 plans) and physician feedback (4 of 10 plans) were identified as the most-important factors affecting reimbursement. Respondents said that reimbursement delays were most commonly attributable to providers' claim submission errors or patient ineligibility. Some respondents thought that vaccine financing was a barrier (4 of 10 plans) or somewhat a barrier (2 of 10 plans) to providing immunizations; others (4 of 10 plans) did not. CONCLUSION: Although these data suggest that health insurance coverage for recommended vaccines is high, coverage is not universal across all products offered. Copyright copyright 2009 by the American Academy of Pediatrics. |
Support for universal childhood vaccination against influenza among private pediatric clinics and public health departments in Georgia
Pazol K , Prill MM , Gazmararian JA , O'Malley EM , Jelks D , Coleman MS , Hinman AR , Orenstein WA . J Public Health Manag Pract 2009 15 (5) 393-400 Recently, it has been recommended that all persons 6 months to 18 years be vaccinated annually against influenza. To assess support for this universal recommendation leading up to its implementation, a cross-sectional survey of healthcare workers at private pediatric clinics (N = 44) and public health departments (N = 75) was conducted. The survey, conducted in the state of Georgia during 2005-2006, asked about (a) support for universal childhood vaccination against influenza, (b) general and influenza-specific immunization practices in 2004-2005, and (c) types of assistance needed to implement a universal childhood recommendation. Our response rate was 70 percent for private clinics and 71 percent for public health departments. The majority of providers supported universal childhood vaccination against influenza; agreement was especially pronounced at public health departments. Public health departments employed more nurses and were more likely to have a policy of vaccinating parents along with their children; private clinics were more likely to use patient reminders or add extra hours during the influenza vaccination season. Respondents from both types of clinics indicated they would need multiple forms of assistance to implement a universal recommendation for childhood vaccination against influenza. Given the strong support for universal vaccination among healthcare workers at public health departments, these facilities may be instrumental for reaching the large number of children recently added to the recommendations. However, these facilities will need multiple forms of assistance. |
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